Hadith Classification (Saheeh, Hasan, Dhaif, Maudhu')

Abstract

Hadith constitutes the primary source of Islamic teachings after the Qur’an and plays a central role in shaping the theological, moral, and social foundations of the Muslim community. However, issues concerning the authenticity and validity of hadith have long been subjects of debate among both classical scholars and modern academics. Therefore, the classification of hadith serves as an essential instrument for assessing the validity and credibility of a hadith. This study aims to examine the criteria for hadith classification—namely sahih, hasan, da‘if, and maudhu‘—and to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each category. This research employs a qualitative approach based on literature analysis by reviewing various classical and contemporary sources. The findings indicate that sahih hadith possess a continuous chain of transmission, narrators who are upright (‘adl) and precise (dhabit), and are free from defects (‘illat) and irregularities (shudhudh). Hasan hadith share similar characteristics with sahih hadith, although the narrators’ level of precision is relatively lower. Da‘if hadith are considered weak due to defects in their chain of transmission or text, while maudhu‘ hadith are fabricated narrations deliberately created. This study emphasizes that hadith classification is not only crucial for the science of hadith but also has significant implications for Islamic education and da‘wah practices. A proper understanding of hadith classification will assist educators and preachers in conveying authentic, systematic, and responsible Islamic teachings.